Engineering guides to water treatment, wastewater, equipment operation and regulations.
Why the salt content, not the flow rate, sets the unit range, what permeate recovery is, and where the concentrate goes.
July 2026 · 8 min→Operation · SofteningRunxin valves: reading the designation, and when manual is enoughF56E, F67P and F117Q3 markings explained, top and side mounting, connection size and throughput — plus where manual backwash control still makes sense.
July 2026 · 7 min→Sludge · SizingSludge dewatering: screw press, belt press or chamber pressHow the three types differ in cake dryness, wash water consumption, footprint and labour, and what decides the choice on a particular site.
July 2026 · 9 min→Sizing · MembranesUltrafiltration vs reverse osmosis: where the line runsWhat each membrane retains, why ultrafiltration leaves dissolved salts untouched, and where the two are put in series.
July 2026 · 7 min→Disinfection · OperationUV disinfection: dose, lamp life and when it replaces chlorineWhat makes up the irradiation dose, why turbidity and iron cancel it out, and what ultraviolet cannot do at all.
July 2026 · 8 min→Sizing · OperationWater analysis: what to order and how to read the reportThe minimum set of parameters for sizing equipment, the rules for taking a sample, and a table matching each parameter to a treatment unit.
July 2026 · 7 min→